An independent return calculator that does the IRR work properly.

Why this site exists

Most consumer brokerage apps display total return without annualisation. The result is a number that is technically correct and practically misleading. A 30 % gain over six months is not the same investment outcome as a 30 % gain over six years — and yet both display the same headline figure on most dashboards. kofinance.xyz exists to surface the second number that should always be visible: the annualised return, computed properly when contributions are involved.

Editorial principles

• IRR for cashflow scenarios. When monthly contributions are non-zero, the engine uses Newton-Raphson IRR rather than approximate CAGR.
• Real return alongside nominal. Every output includes the inflation-adjusted figure.
• Benchmark every result. Returns without a benchmark are unanchored. The S&P 500 nominal long-run average (10%) is used as the default reference.
• Named accountability. Daniel Lim, CFA, is the responsible reviewer. His CFA charter is verifiable on the CFA Institute Members Directory.
• No commercial relationships. The site does not earn referral fees from any platform, broker, or fund manager.
• Privacy by architecture. Inputs stay in your browser.

Verification methodology

1. Reference cases. 30 input/output pairs covering single-deposit no-contribution, monthly DCA, lump-sum mid-period, and edge cases like negative final values. Every release runs against the list.
2. Newton-Raphson convergence. The IRR solver iterates until step size falls below 1e-9 or 80 iterations are reached. Non-convergence cases are logged and addressed manually.
3. Excel cross-check. Inputs passed to IRR(), XIRR(), and RATE(). Final precision compared.
4. Round-trip. Reported annualised rate is fed back through a forward simulation; final value must reconcile within 0.01 %.

The team

kofinance.xyz is operated as a one-person editorial project alongside Daniel's investment-analysis practice. Daniel reviews every release of the calculator and every page of reference content before publication. He holds final editorial authority and is the named accountable person for every figure on the site.

A part-time engineer in Sydney maintains the IRR-solver test suite and edge-case coverage. The engineer is named in the public changelog only when their input has produced a substantive change.

What this site is not

• Not regulated investment advice. The calculator is a math tool. Specific portfolio recommendations require an MAS-licensed adviser in Singapore or the equivalent in your jurisdiction.
• Not a portfolio tracker. We do not store portfolio data or aggregate accounts.
• Not for fund-performance reporting. Institutional GIPS-compliant reporting requires methodology beyond what this calculator provides.
• Not a tax-aware return calculator. Tax-equivalent yield, after-tax IRR, and capital-gains-tax timing are not modelled.

Get in touch

Calculation queries, IRR-convergence edge cases, content corrections, and partnership enquiries are all handled through the contact page. We commit to acknowledging every well-formed message within 24 business hours.