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Disclaimer

kofinance.xyz publishes an ROI calculator and editorial content for informational use. The output is mathematically verified but is not regulated investment advice.

Last updated:

1. Editorial accuracy

Every figure is verified through three independent methods (closed-form CAGR, Newton-Raphson IRR, and Excel IRR()/XIRR() cross-check). Discrepancies block release.

2. No warranty

The Service is provided “as is” and “as available”, without warranties of any kind. To the maximum extent permitted by law, kofinance.xyz disclaims all such warranties.

3. Past performance and future returns

The calculator computes a backward-looking realised return from the inputs you provide. It does not forecast future returns. Real-world investment returns are variable and not guaranteed; the S&P 500 long-run average is a historical observation, not a promised outcome.

4. Not regulated investment advice

The reviewer is a CFA charterholder with buy-side experience. The site is editorial; nothing on it constitutes regulated investment advice. For specific portfolio recommendations, consult a Singapore MAS-licensed financial adviser or the equivalent in your jurisdiction. Verify Singapore-licensed firms via the MAS Financial Institutions Directory.

5. Not tax-aware

Capital gains tax, dividend tax, and account-type-specific tax treatment are not modelled. After-tax IRR can differ materially from pre-tax IRR.

6. Limitation of liability

In no event will kofinance.xyz, its editors, contributors, hosting providers, or affiliates be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages arising out of use of, or inability to use, the Service.

Where liability cannot be excluded, our aggregate liability is limited to one hundred Singapore dollars (S$100).

7. Third-party content

References to the CFA Institute, MAS, S&P Dow Jones Indices, Microsoft Excel, Google AdSense, and other trademarks are for identification only.

8. Changes

Material revisions reflected in the “Last updated” date above.

9. Contact

Errors and concerns: contact page or editor@kofinance.xyz.